🔐 What Is a Dictionary Attack?

A rainbow table is a large table that stores mappings between plaintext inputs (e.g., possible passwords) and their corresponding hashes using a specific hashing algorithm (like MD5 or SHA-1). An attacker can search the table to find the original input that produced a given hash, effectively reversing the hashing process.

Hashing is a cryptographic technique used to transform any input data—regardless of its size—into a fixed-size string of characters. This string, called the hash or digest, uniquely represents the original data in a condensed form. Hashing is a one-way function, meaning you cannot reverse a hash to retrieve the original input. This is a key...

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that creates a tunnel between your device and a VPN server. This tunnel encrypts your internet traffic, ensuring privacy, integrity, and security even when using untrusted networks (e.g. public Wi-Fi).

Access control defines who (user, system, process) can access what (data, system, resource), when, and how. It's enforced via a combination of hardware, software, and administrative policies to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA Triad) of resources.

🛡️ The Art and Science of Network Security

Classical ciphers are encryption techniques used historically to conceal information by transforming plaintext into ciphertext using a set of well-defined rules. They are typically symmetric key ciphers, meaning the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. While no longer secure by modern standards, they are foundational to...

Cryptology is the science that deals with secure communication, ensuring data remains confidential, authentic, and unaltered. It is divided into two major branches:

A hacker is an individual who uses their computer programming and technical skills to gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, and data. The term "hacker" can have different connotations depending on the context in which it is used. Here are a few common interpretations

🔐 Cybersecurity and Economic Stability: A Deep Dive

The CIA Triad is a core model in information security that represents the three fundamental objectives of cybersecurity: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. Every security strategy, policy, or control is ultimately designed to protect one or more of these three principles.

Denial of Service (DoS) Attack

🔍 What Is a Phishing Attack (in Detail)?

Cybersecurity, also known as information security or computer security, is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital data from various threats and unauthorized access. The primary goal of cybersecurity is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information in cyberspace. Key aspects of cybersecurity...

Malware, short for malicious software, is an umbrella term for any kind of software intentionally developed to infiltrate, damage, or disable computers, systems, or networks without the user's informed consent. Its objectives may include data theft, system disruption, spying, extortion, or unauthorized access. Malware can range from simple...